Hyperthyroidism occurs due to excess of thyroid hormone in the system. This can be due
Graves disease: In which, an exaggerated auto-immune response leads to overstimulation of the thyroid apparatus.
Toxic (HOT) nodules/Toxic multinodular goitre: Where one or more thyroid nodules in the gland oversecrete thyroid hormone for no reason.
Thyroiditis: Where the gland has an inflammatory reaction leading to exodus of the stored thyroid hormone in excess quantities
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
Tremor, shakiness
Palpitations, increased heart beat
Shortness of breath on minimal exertion
Increased sweating
Weight loss
Increased bowel movements
Investigations may include
Thyroid function tests: To check the exact level of the hormone in the blood to aid in diagnosis and monitoring.
Thyroid antibodies: To confirm the cause of the disease
Ultrasound of thyroid gland: To check if there are any nodules in the thyroid gland
Technetium uptake scan of the thyroid : This is a special nuclear scan which clearly outlines, which parts of the thyroid gland are producing excess thyroid hormone. This will help in directing the duration and method of treatment
Treatment depends on the cause but is usually with antithyroid drugs or with radioactive iodine therapy.
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